Simplified Short Questions and Answers on "Of Studies
Class 11, WBBSE
Dear students, আজকে আমি তোমাদের জন্য ক্লাস 11, 2nd Semester এর পরীক্ষার 100% কমন যোগ্য বেকন এর "Of Studies" থেকে SAQ প্রশ্ন নিয়ে এসেছি। এগুলো ভালোভাবে পড়লে পরীক্ষায় আর কোনো প্রবলেম হবে না। এর বাইরে আর কিছুই পড়তে হবে না তোমাদের।
1. What is the purpose of studies?
According to Francis Bacon, studies have three purposes: they give delight (joy), they serve as ornament (decoration in speech), and they improve ability (skills).
2. What are the main benefits of studies?
There are three main benefits:
- They provide pleasure during free time.
- They act as decoration during discussions.T
- hey improve skills in practical life.
3. What does Bacon mean by "studies serve for delight"?
He means that reading books in your free time or private life gives you happiness.
4. How do studies serve for ornament?
Bacon means that a person can use knowledge from books to use beautiful words during a conversation. This helps to impress others.
5. What is meant by "studies serve for ability"?
Studies improve a person's knowledge and skill. This helps them handle daily problems, give advice, make decisions, and judge situations correctly.
6. How are studies used in discourse (discussion)?
In a discussion, a person can show off the bookish knowledge they have gained through studying.
7. What can an expert do?
An expert is someone skilled in a specific field. They can do a task properly and judge details one by one.
8. What comes best from learned (educated) people?
Learned people give the best general advice and plans for action. They are also good at organizing things.
9. What is the difference between an expert and a learned person?
Expert: Skilled at doing a specific job.
Learned Person: Can make plans, give general advice, and handle complicated situations.
Ideally, the learned person plans the work, and the expert does the specific task.
10. What does Bacon think about spending too much time on studies?
Bacon believes that spending too much time studying is a sign of laziness and a lack of desire to work. He dislikes this bad habit.
11. What is Bacon's opinion on using studies too much for ornament?
He thinks using too much book knowledge just to decorate your speech is fake behavior (affectation). It makes the conversation sound unnatural and artificial.
12. What does Bacon say about judging things only by rules?
He believes that making judgments based 100% on book rules makes the decision seem scholarly but actually ridiculous or comic.
13. "They perfect nature and are perfected by experience" – What does this mean?
This means studies improve a person's natural character to a certain level. However, to reach the highest level of perfection, book learning must be balanced by real-life experience.
14. How are studies perfected?
Studies are perfected by experience because experience is needed to guide and control what we learn.
15. In the phrase "They perfect nature...", what do "they" and "nature" refer to?
"They" refers to studies.
"Nature" refers to a person's natural qualities and character.
16. What is the relationship between studies and human nature?
Studies improve human ability and skills, bringing them closer to perfection.
17. What roles do studies and experience play in shaping human nature?
Studies help develop knowledge and skills, while experience refines that knowledge to make it perfect.
18. What does Bacon compare natural abilities to?
He compares natural abilities to natural plants.
19. What is the similarity between natural abilities and natural plants?
Just as natural plants need pruning (trimming) to grow well, natural human abilities need to be improved by studying.
20. What do studies give forth?
Studies give general directions to our natural abilities, which are then finally shaped by experience.
21. Who are "crafty men" and how do they view studies?
"Crafty men" are deceitful or wicked people. They hate studies because knowledge helps others spot their evil tricks.
23. Who are "wise men" and how do studies help them?
Wise men are people who can make good judgments based on life experience. Studies give them knowledge, but they use their experience to apply that knowledge wisely without showing off.
24. What should not be the aim of reading?
Bacon warns readers not to read just to argue or oppose ideas. He also advises not to blindly believe everything simply because it is in a book. Instead, we should read to think and judge the value of the content.
25. What does Bacon mean by "some books are to be tasted"?
He means that some books should not be read completely from start to finish. You should only read parts of them.
26. Which books are to be "swallowed"?0
These are books that you do not read with curiosity. You read them quickly just to get a general understanding.
27. Which books are to be "chewed and digested"?
These are books that require deep focus to understand every small detail. They must be read with great attention and care.
28. Which books does Bacon suggest for a deputy (assistant)?
Bacon suggests large books for assistants. The assistant can read them and just provide the summaries or main arguments.
29. What are "meaner sort of books"?
These are less important books that have very little practical use, even if they look attractive.
30. What are "distilled books" and what are they compared to?
Distilled books: These are books that contain only facts and information without any deeper thought or explanation.
Comparison: They are compared to distilled water (pure water).
31. Why does Bacon say "reading maketh a full man"?
Humans are born with some abilities, but reading improves these abilities and fills the mind with knowledge. This makes a person complete or "full".
32. What role does "conference" (discussion) play?
Discussion allows people to exchange ideas. A person who joins discussions becomes ready for any situation, making them a "ready man".
33. What is the importance of writing?
Writing is a productive skill that involves understanding a topic deeply and organizing it logically. It makes a person precise and accurate ("exact man").
34. Who needs a great memory?
A person who writes very little needs a great memory to make up for not writing things down.
35. Who needs "present wit" (quick thinking)?
A person who talks very little needs quick wit so they can answer effectively when they do speak.
36. Who needs "much cunningness"?
A person who reads very little needs to be cunning so they can pretend to be a learned (educated) man.
37. What is the impact of history?
History makes a person wise by providing records of past events to learn from.
38. How does poetry influence a person?
Poetry makes a person witty (clever) because it is full of smart and creative expressions.
39. What is the impact of mathematics?
Mathematics helps develop focus and subtlety. It makes a person stable and able to concentrate on one issue without getting distracted.
40. What is the utility of natural philosophy?
It helps us develop a deep understanding of nature and our own existence.
41. What is the importance of "moral" (ethics)?
It helps build an ethical sense and strong character. It makes a person serious and ethically strong.
42. What is the importance of logic and rhetoric?
Logic improves thinking, and rhetoric improves speech. Together, they help a person become skilled in debates and arguments.
43. What does the phrase "abeunt studia in mores" mean?
This Latin phrase means "studies pass into character". It means that what we study affects our manners and how we behave in society.
44. What hinders (stops) wit?
The only thing that hinders wit is choosing the wrong subjects to study. Choosing the right subject can fix this problem.
45. What analogy does Bacon use for the healing effects of studies?
He compares studies to physical exercise. Just as specific exercises cure body diseases, specific studies can cure mental defects.
46. What is the benefit of bowling?
Bacon says bowling is good for the kidneys and bladder.
47. What is the benefit of shooting?
Shooting is good for the lungs and breast (chest).
48. What is the usefulness of gentle walking?
Gentle walking is good for the stomach.
49. What is the benefit of riding?
Bacon thinks riding is good for the head.
50. What mental defect can be cured by studying mathematics?
Mathematics cures a "wandering wit" (lack of focus). It helps a person learn to concentrate.
52. What does the phrase "cymini sectores" mean?
Literal meaning: "Hair-splitters".
General meaning: Experts who argue over tiny, unimportant differences.
Here, Bacon advises that if someone cannot see the difference between things, they should study the philosophers of the Middle Ages, who were experts at this.
53. Who should study lawyers' cases?
A person who wants to learn how to prove a point or justify an issue should study lawyers' cases. It helps them use references to support their arguments.
54. Why does Bacon say, "every defect of the mind may have a special receipt"?
He means that every mental weakness has a specific cure. You can cure a mental problem by choosing the right study, just like medicine.
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