আপনি কি মাধ্যমিক, উচ্চমাধ্যমিক বা কোনো প্রতিযোগিতামূলক পরীক্ষার (যেমন- WB POLICE, RAIL, WBSSC, TGT বা WBCS) জন্য প্রস্তুতি নিচ্ছেন? ইংরেজি গ্রামারের একটি অপরিহার্য অংশ হলো Voice Change। অনেক সময় জটিল নিয়মের বেড়াজালে আমরা আসল বিষয়টি গুলিয়ে ফেলি। তাই আজকের পোস্টে আমি ভয়েস চেঞ্জের প্রতিটি ধাপ এবং নিয়ম উদাহরণসহ বিস্তারিত আলোচনা করেছি, যাতে যে কেউ খুব সহজেই এটি আয়ত্ত করতে পারে। চলুন শুরু করা যাক!
Voice Change of Assertive Sentence
1. Present Indefinite
Active: Subject + V1 + Object
Passive: Object + am/is/are + V3 + by + Subject
Example: Ram always completes his homework.
= His homework is always completed by Ram.
2. Past Indefinite
Active: Subject + V2 + Object
Passive: Object + was/were + V3 + by + Subject
Example: Ram killed Ravan.
= Ravan was killed by Ram.
3. Future Indefinite
Active: Subject + shall/will + V1 + Object
Passive: Object + shall/will + be + V3 + by + Subject
Example: He will pass the examination.
= The examination will be passed by him.
4. Present Continuous
Active: Subject + am/is/are + (V1 + ing) + Object
Passive: Object + am/is/are + being + V3 + by + Subject
Example: They are plucking flowers in the garden.
= Flowers are being plucked by them in the garden.
5. Past Continuous
Active: Subject + was/were + (V1 + ing) + Object
Passive: Object + was/were + being + V3 + by + Subject
Example: She was watering the plants.
= The plants were being watered by her.
6. Present Perfect
Active: Subject + has/have + V3 + Object
Passive: Object + has/have + been + V3 + by + Subject
Example: I have written a letter.
= A letter has been written by me.
7. Past Perfect
Active: Subject + had + V3 + Object
Passive: Object + had + been + V3 + by + Subject
Example: They had discovered a new idea.
= A new idea had been discovered by them.
8. Future Perfect
Active: Subject + shall/will + have + V3 + Object
Passive: Object + shall/will + have + been + V3 + by + Subject
Example: They will have plundered the area.
= The area will have been plundered by them.
Subject/Object Transformation Table
Voice Change of Imperative Sentence
① যদি স্পষ্টভাবে আদেশ, অনুরোধ বা উপদেশ বোঝা যায় তাহলে passive নিম্নলিখিত ভাবে হয়—
আদেশ (Order): You are ordered to + V1 + বাকি সব
অনুরোধ (Request): You are requested to + V1 + বাকি সব
উপদেশ (Advice): You are advised to + V1 + বাকি সব
Examples:
(a) Please, stop there. = You are requested to stop there.
(b) Read your book regularly. = You are advised to read your book regularly.
(c) Open the door. = You are ordered to open the door.
② যদি আদেশ, অনুরোধ বা উপদেশ সুস্পষ্ট নয় অথবা বাক্যটি Let দিয়ে শুরু হয় তাহলে passive এর গঠন নিম্নরূপ—
Structure: Let + object + be + V3 + (by + subject)
Examples:
(a) Close your eyes. = Let your eyes be closed.
(b) Let him write a poem. = Let a poem be written by him.
(c) Shut the door. = Let the door be shut.
Voice Change of Modals
Modal Verbs
① Object + modal verb + be + V3 + by + Subject
(i) You must do it. = It must be done by you.
(ii) He might solve the problem. = The problem might be solved by him.
② তবে কিছু কিছু modal verb এর পরে 'to' বসে, যেমন need to, ought to ইত্যাদি।— Passive Voice এ লেখার গঠন:
Object + modal + to + be + V3 + by + Subject
Example: He needs to complete this work. = His work needs to be completed by him.
Interrogative Sentences
Type-A (without wh-word)
Interrogative Sentence এ helping verb Subject এর আগে বসে। তাই passive voice এ লিখতে হলে helping verb টি object এর আগে বসে। অর্থাৎ বাকি সব কিছু assertive এর মতন।
1. Beginning with 'Do' verb (Do/Does/Did):
Subject যদি 'Do' verb দিয়ে শুরু হয় তাহলে 'Do' verb টি উঠে যায়।
গঠন: Am/is/are/was/were + object + V3 + by + Sub + ?
Examples:
(i) Did he play cricket? = Was cricket played by him?
(ii) Do they know me? = Am I known to them?
(iii) Does he remember the event? = Is the event remembered by him?
2. Beginning with Helping Verbs:
(i) Am/is/are/was/were থাকলে:
গঠন: Am/is/are/was/were + object + being + V3 + by + Subject + ?
Example: Are they playing football? = Is football being played by them?
(ii) Has/have/had থাকলে:
গঠন: Has/have/had + object + been + V3 + by + Subject + ?
Example: Had he finished the work? = Had the work been finished by him?
(iii) Shall/will/would থাকলে:
গঠন: Shall/will/would + object + be + V3 + by + Subject + ?
Example: Will he paint the picture? = Will the picture be painted by him?
Type-B(Beginning with "Wh" word
1. Beginning with "Who":
যদি who দিয়ে active voice বাক্যটি শুরু হয়, তাহলে 'who'-কে Subject হিসাবে ধরা হয়। তাই passive voice এ 'By whom' দিয়ে শুরু হয়।
গঠন:
(i) By whom + helping verb + object + V3 + ? (Indefinite)
(ii) By whom + helping verb + object + being + V3 + ? (Continuous)
(iii) By whom + helping verb + object + been + V3 + ? (Perfect)
Examples:
(i) Who ate the cake? = By whom was the cake eaten?
(ii) Who had disobeyed the rules? = By whom had the rules been disobeyed?
(iii) Who was writing the poem? = By whom was the poem being written?
2. Beginning with "What":
What বাক্যে object হিসাবে বসে। তাই শুরুতে What বসিয়ে assertive বাক্যের মতো করে passive Voice লিখতে হয় শুধু শেষে '?' বসাতে হয়।
(i) What did they say? = What was said by them?
(ii) What are they discussing? = What is being discussed by them?
3. অন্যান্য 'Wh Word' এর ক্ষেত্রে :
(i) সবার প্রথমে wh word টি লিখব।
(ii) Wh word-এর পর interrogative sentence এর নিয়ম অনুসারে বাকি অংশ হবে। অর্থাৎ Type-A এই নিয়মে লিখব।
Examples:
(i) When had Bina called you? = When had you been called by Bina?
(ii) Why were you making noise? = Why was noise being made by you?
(iii) Where had he placed the keys? = Where had the keys been placed by him?
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